【Abstract】 Objective To investigate species composition and ecological habits of rodents from China-Russia frontiers of Heilongjiang province. Methods The live traps and snap traps were used in this study. Results A total of 3461 rodents were caught in five cities of China-Russia frontiers, belonging to 3 families 8 genera 11 species. The dominant specie was Apodemus agraius (58.3%). Mus musculus was the dominant species in the indoor, accounting for 75.9%, and Ap.agraius in the field (43.4%). The species composition of rodent varied with habitats, places and months. During active seasons, there were 2 peaks for rodents in the shrubberies and broadleaf woods, 2 peaks for Ap.agraius and Ap.speciosus in the field, and only one peak for M.musculus and Rattus norvegicus in the residential areas. Conclusion The investigation provided the evidence for the further study on ecology and control of rodents at China-Russia frontier of Heilongjiang province.